与X11的paramiko转发(x11 forwarding with paramiko)

我试图运行一个命令paramiko应该能够打开一个X窗口。 我使用的东西会如下脚本：

import paramiko                                    

ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('192.168.122.55', username='user', password='password')
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()

session.request_x11()
stdin = session.makefile('wb')
stdout = session.makefile('rb')
stderr = session.makefile_stderr('rb')
session.exec_command('env; xterm')
transport.accept()

print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
print 'stdout:\n{}'.format(stdout.read())
print 'stderr:\n{}'.format(stderr.read())
session.close()

不幸的是，当我运行上面的脚本，我得到这样的输出：

Exit status: 1
stdout:
SHELL=/bin/bash
XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=8025e1ba5e6c47be0d2f3ad6504a25ee-1347286654.617967-1932974971
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.122.1 58654 22
USER=user
MAIL=/var/mail/user
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games
PWD=/home/user
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SHLVL=1
HOME=/home/user
LOGNAME=user
SSH_CONNECTION=192.168.122.1 58654 192.168.122.55 22
DISPLAY=localhost:10.0
_=/usr/bin/env

stderr:  
xterm: Xt error: Can't open display: localhost:10.0

如果我运行在终端下面的命令：

ssh -X user@192.168.122.55 'env; xterm'

然后我得到同样的环境变量（一些端口改变，虽然），所以我会说，我的环境是正确的。 不过，我还是失去了一些东西做paramiko与X11转发工作。

我试了几件事情是：

• 使用handler的参数request_x11 ：除了打印值，我没有得到任何进一步的比默认的处理程序。
• 使用auth_cookie参数request_x11 ：尝试硬编码，目前正在根据所使用的cookie的值xauth list输出。 这样做的想法是，以避免可能根据文档字符串发生问题paramiko本身：

如果省略auth_cookie，新的安全随机的128位值会产生，使用，并返回。 您需要使用这个值来验证进入X11请求，并与当地实际X11的cookie（这需要X11协议的一些knoweldge）取代它们。

有没有我可以做，使之工作或解决问题的一些其他的事情吗？

注意：这在以前问：

• 超级用户 ：唯一的反应指向request_x11文件我已经尝试过使用无济于事。
• 计算器 ：接受响应建议使用的handler参数，但它是错的。
• GitHub的 ：没有提供超过一年的答案。

Answer 1:

• 在x11请求可以使用MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1你可能不妥善处理
• 使用ssh直接只见它需要确认的X11请求（cookie的挑战是什么？）
• 该.Xauthority文件也可能是一个问题
• 你可以尝试strace ssh的过程，看到一个正常流动
• 在你的脚本，你可以替换xterm与strace xterm ，并与上述比较。

一些链接：

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_authorization
• http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ssh/message/6747
• http://answers.tectia.com/questions/523/how-do-i-enable-x11-forwarding-for-users-without-a-home-directory

祝好运。

编辑：建立在加里的回答之上 ，具有多重X11连接。

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import select
import sys
import getpass
import paramiko
import socket
import logging
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# connection settings
host = '192.168.122.55'
user = 'user'
password = getpass.getpass()

ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(host, username=user, password=password)
del password

# maintain map
# { fd: (channel, remote channel), ... }
channels = {}

poller = select.poll()
def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
    '''handler for incoming x11 connections
    for each x11 incoming connection,
    - get a connection to the local display
    - maintain bidirectional map of remote x11 channel to local x11 channel
    - add the descriptors to the poller
    - queue the channel (use transport.accept())'''
    x11_chanfd = channel.fileno()
    local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
    local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()
    channels[x11_chanfd] = channel, local_x11_socket
    channels[local_x11_socket_fileno] = local_x11_socket, channel
    poller.register(x11_chanfd, select.POLLIN)
    poller.register(local_x11_socket, select.POLLIN)
    LOGGER.debug('x11 channel on: %s %s', src_addr, src_port)
    transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)

def flush_out(session):
    while session.recv_ready():
        sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
    while session.recv_stderr_ready():
        sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))

# get local disply
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
# start x11 session
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(handler=x11_handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')
session_fileno = session.fileno()
poller.register(session_fileno, select.POLLIN)
# accept first remote x11 connection
transport.accept()

# event loop
while not session.exit_status_ready():
    poll = poller.poll()
    # accept subsequent x11 connections if any
    if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
        transport.accept()
    if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
        break
    for fd, event in poll:
        if fd == session_fileno:
            flush_out(session)
        # data either on local/remote x11 socket
        if fd in channels.keys():
            channel, counterpart = channels[fd]
            try:
                # forward data between local/remote x11 socket.
                data = channel.recv(4096)
                counterpart.sendall(data)
            except socket.error:
                channel.close()
                counterpart.close()
                del channels[fd]

print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
flush_out(session)
session.close()

Answer 2:

读的paramiko代码，我意识到的paramiko只实现了建立一个X11通道。 它并不通道连接到本地X11显示。 这是留给你。

这是一个，我刚才写小的实现：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import select
import sys

import paramiko
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect


local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])


ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('server', username='username', password='password')
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(single_connection=True)
session.exec_command('xterm')
x11_chan = transport.accept()

session_fileno = session.fileno()
x11_chan_fileno = x11_chan.fileno()
local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()

poller = select.poll()
poller.register(session_fileno, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(x11_chan_fileno, select.POLLIN)
poller.register(local_x11_socket, select.POLLIN)
while not session.exit_status_ready():
    poll = poller.poll()
    if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
        break
    for fd, event in poll:
        if fd == session_fileno:
            while session.recv_ready():
                sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
            while session.recv_stderr_ready():
                sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
        if fd == x11_chan_fileno:
            local_x11_socket.sendall(x11_chan.recv(4096))
        if fd == local_x11_socket_fileno:
            x11_chan.send(local_x11_socket.recv(4096))

print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
while session.recv_ready():
    sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
    sys.stdout.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
session.close()

一些注意事项：

• 我使用的是从上python-Xlib的一些辅助功能。 这是一个纯Python实现的Xlib的。 请参阅有关安装它的细节这个问题： 你如何安装Python的Xlib与PIP？

• 一些如何我已经实现了这个细节让我相信它会只为1个X11连接工作（因此session.request_x11(single_connection=True)我想保持在该工作得到它来处理多个连接，但这将必须等待另一天。

• 此代码实质上以下途径/插座一起使用异步方式连接select.poll ：

  • session.stdout - > sys.stdout
  • session.stderr - > sys.stderr
  • x11channel - > local_x11_socket
  • local_x11_socket - > x11channel

• 该paramiko模块输出很多有用的调试运行到信息的logging模块。 您可以通过配置日志模块查看此：

   import logging logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) 

Answer 3:

由于加里·凡德·莫维和dnozay为他们的代码。 下面很大程度上代码依赖于它，并用于在Windows上运行的X程序。 值得注意的区别是使用select.select而不是投票，因为投票是不是在Windows中可用。 任何改进或更正是受欢迎的。

import select
import sys
import paramiko
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect
import os
import socket
import subprocess



# run xming
XmingProc = subprocess.Popen("C:/Program Files (x86)/Xming/Xming.exe :0 -clipboard -multiwindow")
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(SSHServerIP, SSHServerPort, username=user, password=pwd)
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
channelOppositeEdges = {}

local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])
inputSockets = []

def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
    local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
    inputSockets.append(local_x11_socket)
    inputSockets.append(channel)
    channelOppositeEdges[local_x11_socket.fileno()] = channel
    channelOppositeEdges[channel.fileno()] = local_x11_socket
    transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)

session = transport.open_session()
inputSockets.append(session)
session.request_x11(handler = x11_handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')
transport.accept()

while not session.exit_status_ready():
    readable, writable, exceptional = select.select(inputSockets,[],[])
    if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
        transport.accept()
    for sock in readable:
        if sock is session:
            while session.recv_ready():
                sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
            while session.recv_stderr_ready():
                sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))   
        else: 
            try:
                data = sock.recv(4096)
                counterPartSocket  = channelOppositeEdges[sock.fileno()]
                counterPartSocket.sendall(data)
            except socket.error:
                inputSockets.remove(sock)
                inputSockets.remove(counterPartSocket)
                del channelOppositeEdges[sock.fileno()]
                del channelOppositeEdges[counterPartSocket.fileno()]
                sock.close()
                counterPartSocket.close()

print 'Exit status:', session.recv_exit_status()
while session.recv_ready():
    sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
while session.recv_stderr_ready():
    sys.stdout.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))
session.close()
XmingProc.terminate()
XmingProc.wait()

Answer 4:

既然你问了一个最小的版本，我的理解是使它一样容易使用的可能。 这是基于两个代码的版本，但这种从一般代码中分离出来的X11会话命令，让主程序简单的会话可重用代码：

import paramiko
import os
import select
import sys
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect

def run(transport, session, command):
    def x11_handler(channel, (src_addr, src_port)):
        x11_fileno = channel.fileno()
        local_x11_channel = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
        local_x11_fileno = local_x11_channel.fileno()

        # Register both x11 and local_x11 channels
        channels[x11_fileno] = channel, local_x11_channel
        channels[local_x11_fileno] = local_x11_channel, channel

        poller.register(x11_fileno, select.POLLIN)
        poller.register(local_x11_fileno, select.POLLIN)

        transport._queue_incoming_channel(channel)

    def flush_out(channel):
        while channel.recv_ready():
            sys.stdout.write(channel.recv(4096))
        while channel.recv_stderr_ready():
            sys.stderr.write(channel.recv_stderr(4096))

    local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])

    channels = {}
    poller = select.poll()
    session_fileno = session.fileno()
    poller.register(session_fileno)

    session.request_x11(handler=x11_handler)
    session.exec_command(command)
    transport.accept()

    # event loop
    while not session.exit_status_ready():
        poll = poller.poll()
        if not poll: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
            break
        for fd, event in poll:
            if fd == session_fileno:
                flush_out(session)
            # data either on local/remote x11 channels/sockets
            if fd in channels.keys():
                sender, receiver = channels[fd]
                try:
                    receiver.sendall(sender.recv(4096))
                except:
                    sender.close()
                    receiver.close()
                    channels.remove(fd)

    flush_out(session)
    return session.recv_exit_status()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    ssh_client.connect('192.168.122.55', username='user', password='password')
    transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
    session = transport.open_session()
    run(transport, session, 'xterm')

我知道你可以自己来做。 然而，只是通过复制功能run任何人都可以使用它毫不费力。

正确的答案是https://stackoverflow.com/a/12903844/278878 。 这个例子是为了让新手觉得更容易。

Answer 5:

对于那些在Mac OS X Leopard的工作，没有select.poll（）。 下面是修改后的版本dnozay的答案用kqueue的，而不是投票表决。 在此任何改进/更正，将不胜感激。

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import select
import sys
import paramiko
import socket
import Xlib.support.connect as xlib_connect

# get local display
local_x11_display = xlib_connect.get_display(os.environ['DISPLAY'])

ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect('hostname', port=22, username='username', password='password')

channels = {}
kq = select.kqueue()

def x11Handler(x11_chan, (src_addr, src_port)):
    x11_chan_fileno = x11_chan.fileno()
    local_x11_socket = xlib_connect.get_socket(*local_x11_display[:3])
    local_x11_socket_fileno = local_x11_socket.fileno()
    channels[x11_chan_fileno] = x11_chan, local_x11_socket
    channels[local_x11_socket_fileno] = local_x11_socket, x11_chan

    ev = [select.kevent(x11_chan_fileno, filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ, flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD), select.kevent(local_x11_socket_fileno, filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ, flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD)]
    kevents = kq.control(ev, 0, None)
    transport._queue_incoming_channel(x11_chan)

def flushOut(session):
    while session.recv_ready():
        sys.stdout.write(session.recv(4096))
    while session.recv_stderr_ready():
        sys.stderr.write(session.recv_stderr(4096))

# start x11 session
transport = ssh_client.get_transport()
session = transport.open_session()
session.request_x11(handler=x11Handler)
session.exec_command('xterm')

# accept first remote x11 connection
x11_chan = transport.accept()
session_fileno = session.fileno()

session_ev = [select.kevent(session_fileno, 
    filter=select.KQ_FILTER_READ,
    flags=select.KQ_EV_ADD)] 

kevents_session = kq.control(session_ev, 0, None)

# event loop
while not session.exit_status_ready():
    r_events = kq.control(None, 4)
    # accept subsequent x11 connections if any

    if len(transport.server_accepts) > 0:
        transport.accept()
    if not r_events: # this should not happen, as we don't have a timeout.
        break
    for event in r_events:
        print event
        if event.ident & session_fileno:
            flushOut(session)
        # data either on local/remote x11 socket
        if event.ident in channels.keys():
            x11_chan, counterpart = channels[event.ident]
            try:
                # forward data between local/remote x11 socket.
                data = x11_chan.recv(4096)
                counterpart.sendall(data)
            except socket.error:
                x11_chan.close()
                counterpart.close()
                del channels[event.ident]

flushOut(session)
kq.close()
session.close()

文章来源: x11 forwarding with paramiko