这个问题已经在这里有一个答案：
- ASP.NET：此方法不能在应用程序的预启动初始化阶段被称为 5回答
我的网站最初是写在MVC 4.0 RC使用VS2010。 我刚才下载并安装VS2012，并升级我的项目DOTNET框架4.5。
在我的项目，我使用自定义的MembershipProvider和一个自定义RoleProvider。 在VS2010它的工作就像一个魅力。 但现在我保持的一个奇怪的配置错误：
“这种方法不能在应用程序的预启动初始化阶段被称为”。
该“的System.Web - >会员 - >供应商 - >添加”线在我的web.config被标记为红色作为问题的根源。
我消除了怀疑，这个问题有事情做与迁移过程中，通过创建一个新的MVC 4.0项目（在VS2012），加入我的自定义会员/角色提供者，适当地改变web.config中，并发现错误再次出现！
挖掘更深的问题 - 我发现，在应用程序日志中的以下信息：
异常信息：异常类型：InvalidOperationException异常消息：在类型WebMatrix.WebData.PreApplicationStartCode预申请启动初始化方法开始抛出异常，并出现以下错误信息：此方法不能在应用程序的预启动初始化阶段被调用。 （C：\用户\ dov.AD \文件\的Visual Studio 2012 \项目\ MvcApplication2 \ MvcApplication2 \ web.config行52）。
在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethodsCore（ICollection的1 methods, Func1个setHostingEnvironmentCultures）在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethods（ICollection`1方法）在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods（字符串preStartInitListPath）在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart（）在System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize（ApplicationManager AppManager的，IApplicationHost APPHOST，IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory，HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters，policyLevel policyLevel，异常appDomainCreationException）这种方法不能在应用程序的预启动初始化阶段被调用。 （C：\用户\ dov.AD \文件\的Visual Studio 2012 \项目\ MvcApplication2 \ MvcApplication2 \ web.config中管线52）
在System.Web.Configuration.ConfigUtil.GetType（字符串的typeName，字符串propertyName的，的ConfigurationElement configElement，XmlNode的节点，布尔checkAptcaBit，布尔IGNORECASE）在System.Web.Configuration.ConfigUtil.GetType（字符串的typeName，字符串propertyName的，的ConfigurationElement configElement，布尔checkAptcaBit，布尔IGNORECASE）在System.Web.Configuration.ProvidersHelper.InstantiateProvider（ProviderSettings providerSettings，类型providerType）在System.Web.Configuration.ProvidersHelper.InstantiateProviders（ProviderSettingsCollection configProviders，ProviderCollection商，类型providerType）
在在System.Web.Security.Membership.get_Providers System.Web.Security.Membership.InitializeSettings（布尔initializeGeneralSettings，RuntimeConfig的AppConfig，MembershipSection设置）在System.Web.Security.Membership.Initialize（）（）在WebMatrix.WebData.WebSecurity .PreAppStartInit（）在WebMatrix.WebData.PreApplicationStartCode.Start（）这种方法不能在应用程序的预启动初始化阶段被调用。 在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.EnsureTopLevelFilesCompiled（）
在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetType（字符串的typeName，布尔throwOnError，布尔IGNORECASE）在System.Web.Configuration.ConfigUtil.GetType（字符串的typeName，字符串propertyName的，的ConfigurationElement configElement，XmlNode的节点，布尔checkAptcaBit，布尔IGNORECASE）Request information: Request URL: http://localhost:4995/ Request path: / User host address: ::1 User: Is authenticated: False Authentication Type: Thread account name: AD\dov Thread information: Thread ID: 5 Thread account name: AD\dov Is impersonating: False Stack trace: at >System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethodsCore(ICollection`1方法，函数功能
1 setHostingEnvironmentCultures) at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.InvokePreStartInitMethods(ICollection在在系统System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CallPreStartInitMethods（字符串preStartInitListPath）在System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ExecutePreAppStart（）1方法）。 Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize（ApplicationManager AppManager的，IApplicationHost APPHOST，IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory，HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters，policyLevel policyLevel，异常appDomainCreationException）
请帮忙，
谢谢！
这里是web.config中：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
For more information on how to configure your ASP.NET application, please visit
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=169433
-->
<configuration>
<configSections>
<!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
<section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=5.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
</configSections>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=aspnet-MyWebSite-20120820105950;Integrated Security=SSPI;AttachDBFilename=|DataDirectory|\aspnet-MyWebSite-20120820105950.mdf" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
<add name="MyWebSiteDbContext" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" connectionString="server=.;database=MyWebSiteDB;Integrated Security=True;" />
</connectionStrings>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="2.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="PreserveLoginUrl" value="true" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
</appSettings>
<system.web>
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms loginUrl="~/Account/Login" timeout="2880" />
</authentication>
<pages>
<namespaces>
<add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Optimization" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
<add namespace="System.Web.WebPages" />
</namespaces>
</pages>
<profile>
<providers>
<clear/>
</providers>
</profile>
<roleManager defaultProvider="MyWebSiteRoleProvider" enabled="true">
<providers>
<clear/>
<add name="MyWebSiteRoleProvider" type="MyWebSite.Security.MyWebSiteRoleProvider"/>
</providers>
</roleManager>
<membership defaultProvider="MyWebSiteMembershipProvider">
<providers>
<clear />
<add name="MyWebSiteMembershipProvider" type="MyWebSite.Security.MyWebSiteMembershipProvider" />
</providers>
</membership>
</system.web>
<system.webServer>
<validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
<handlers>
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" />
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" />
<remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_32bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness32" responseBufferLimit="0" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-ISAPI-4.0_64bit" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\aspnet_isapi.dll" preCondition="classicMode,runtimeVersionv4.0,bitness64" responseBufferLimit="0" />
<add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="GET,HEAD,POST,DEBUG,PUT,DELETE,PATCH,OPTIONS" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
</handlers>
</system.webServer>
<runtime>
<assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Helpers" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.Mvc" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-4.0.0.0" newVersion="4.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity name="System.Web.WebPages" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" />
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="1.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0" />
</dependentAssembly>
</assemblyBinding>
</runtime>
<entityFramework>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
<parameters>
<parameter value="v11.0" />
</parameters>
</defaultConnectionFactory>
</entityFramework>
</configuration>
这是相关的自定义成员（我已经简化了，但即使问题仍然存在）的代码，只有的ValidateUser是真正覆盖：
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Security;
using DAL.MyWebSite;
namespace MyWebSite.Security
{
public class MyWebSiteMembershipProvider : MembershipProvider
{
/// <summary>
/// Verifies that the specified user name and password exist in the data source.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// true if the specified username and password are valid; otherwise, false.
/// </returns>
/// <param name="username">The name of the user to validate. </param><param name="password">The password for the specified user. </param>
public override bool ValidateUser(string username, string password)
{
// simplified
return true;
}
}
}
这是（简化的）RoleProvider：
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Security;
using DAL.MyWebSite;
namespace MyWebSite.Security
{
public class MyWebSiteRoleProvider : RoleProvider
{
//readonly MyWebSiteDbContext _context = new MyWebSiteDbContext();
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether the specified user is in the specified role for the configured applicationName.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// true if the specified user is in the specified role for the configured applicationName; otherwise, false.
/// </returns>
/// <param name="username">The user name to search for.</param><param name="roleName">The role to search in.</param>
public override bool IsUserInRole(string username, string roleName)
{
return true;
//return GetRolesForUser(username).Contains(roleName);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a list of the roles that a specified user is in for the configured applicationName.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// A string array containing the names of all the roles that the specified user is in for the configured applicationName.
/// </returns>
/// <param name="username">The user to return a list of roles for.</param>
public override string[] GetRolesForUser(string username)
{
return new string[] {"one", "two"};
//var sm = _context.SalesManagers.Include("PermissionLevel").FirstOrDefault(manager => manager.UserName == username);
//if (sm != null)
//{
// if (sm.PermissionLevel.Name == "Sales Manager")
// {
// return new[] { "SalesManagers" };
// }
// if (sm.PermissionLevel.Name == "Administrator")
// {
// return new[] { "SalesManagers", "Administrators" };
// }
//}
//return null;
}
}
}
