的Django / mod_wsgi的OSERROR：[错误13]权限被拒绝： '静止

2019-06-26 03:51发布

站内文章 / 后端开发
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我一直在使用我的项目部署在虚拟ENV mod_wsgi的一个CentOS 6.2服务器（运行Apache，MySQL和PHP）上的Django 1.4的应用程序。 应用本身是一个我一直在使用的托管服务好几年了，我现在正在部署自己的云Rackspace公司的服务器上。 该应用程序的确切版本运行良好其他地方，所以这个问题是我如何部署它。 这是我的第一个Python / Django的部署 - 我已经设置了数十个LAMP网站的前面，所以这是我的缺乏与Django的部署，这显然是拖我熟悉的。

该应用程序工作正常，我的服务器上的DEBUG = TRUE在项目的settings.py文件，但是当我将其更改为网站的假前端产生[500]内部服务器错误。

据我所知，有DEBUG设置为OFF，Apache是​​目前通过mod_wsgi的服务我的静态文件（mod_wsgi的工作正常），这使我相信我的配置“东西”是防止这一点。 我已经运行了./manage.py collectstatic其填充命令/static目录中的/myproject文件夹中。

我一直在这几个星期，现在，阅读尽可能多的部署指南，我能找到，但至今没有喜悦。 您的帮助将是非常赞赏。

下面是我的项目的settings.py文件的有关声明： 

############ settings.py #############

SITE_ROOT = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
MEDIA_ROOT = '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/localtv/media/'
MEDIA_URL = 'http://example.org/static/localtv/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/'
STATIC_URL = 'http://example.org/static/'

这里是wsgi.py文件： 

############# wsgi.py #################
import os
import sys
import site
site.addsitedir('/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

apache_configuration= os.path.dirname(__file__)
project = os.path.dirname(apache_configuration)

sys.path.append('/opt/virtual')
sys.path.append('/opt/virtual/myproject')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

在httpd.conf我的虚拟主机声明如下所示： 

############ virtual host declaration in httpd.conf ##############
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.org
ServerAlias www.example.org
DocumentRoot /opt/virtual/myproject

Alias /robots.txt /opt/virtual/myproject/static/robots.txt
Alias /favicon.ico /opt/virtual/myproject/static/favicon.ico

AliasMatch ^/([^/]*\.css) /opt/virtual/myproject/static/styles/$1

Alias /static/ /opt/virtual/myproject/static/
Alias /media/ /opt/virtual/myproject/static/media
Alias /images /opt/virtual/myproject/static/images

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject/static>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject/static/media>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

WSGIDaemonProcess example.org python-path=/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages
WSGIProcessGroup example.org

WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject>
<Files wsgi.py>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Files>
</Directory>

在/ ROOT我的.bashrc文件看起来是这样的： 

########### .bashrc ##################

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
    . /etc/bashrc
fi

# User specific aliases and functions
alias python='/opt/bin/python2.7'

export PYTHONPATH=/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH

最后，我error_log中显示回溯： 

    ############### error_log ###############
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] <WSGIRequest
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] path:/,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] GET:<QueryDict: {}>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] POST:<QueryDict: {}>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/opt/virtual/myproject',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_ACCEPT': "*/*",
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_HOST': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'PATH_INFO': u'/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'PATH_TRANSLATED': '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'QUERY_STRING': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REMOTE_ADDR': '99.99.99.99',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REMOTE_PORT': '99999',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REQUEST_URI': '/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SCRIPT_NAME': u'',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_ADDR': '111.111.111.111',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_ADMIN': 'root@localhost',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_NAME': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_PORT': '80',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_SIGNATURE': '<address>Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at example.org Port 80</address>\\n',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.application_group': 'example.org|',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.callable_object': 'application',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.handler_script': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.input_chunked': '0',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.listener_host': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.listener_port': '80',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.process_group': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.request_handler': 'wsgi-script',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.script_reloading': '1',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.version': (3, 3),
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.errors': <mod_wsgi.Log object at 0x7f34321aa530>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.file_wrapper': <built-in method file_wrapper of mod_wsgi.Adapter object at 0x7f34320e4e40>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.input': <mod_wsgi.Input object at 0x7f34320e02b0>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.multiprocess': False,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.multithread': True,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.run_once': False,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.version': (1, 1)}>
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] mod_wsgi (pid=21520): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py'.
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] Traceback (most recent call last):
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 241, in __call__
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = self.get_response(request)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 179, in get_response
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 228, in handle_uncaught_exception
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return callback(request, **param_dict)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py", line 91, in _wrapped_view
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/defaults.py", line 33, in server_error
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return http.HttpResponseServerError(t.render(Context({})))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 140, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 123, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return compiled_parent._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     result = block.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/defaults.py", line 33, in server_error
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return http.HttpResponseServerError(t.render(Context({})))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 140, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 123, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return compiled_parent._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     result = block.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/templatetags/compress.py", line 91, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     rendered_output = compressor.output(self.mode, forced=forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/css.py", line 53, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     ret.append(subnode.output(*args, **kwargs))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/css.py", line 55, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return super(CssCompressor, self).output(*args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 221, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     finished_content = self.handle_output(mode, filtered_content, forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 233, in handle_output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return output_func(mode, content, forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 245, in output_file
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     self.storage.save(new_filepath, ContentFile(content))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 45, in save
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     name = self._save(name, content)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 168, in _save
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     os.makedirs(directory)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     mkdir(name, mode)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/CACHE/css'

Answer 1:

我一直在几乎相同的条件下（我是运行Ubuntu，CentOS的不）下接收相同的错误你。

正如你注意到没有，有DEBUG = FALSE运行的时候，你其实都是通过WSGI运行。 这意味着，DEBUG = TRUE运行的时候，你实际上是使用用户的权限，用DEBUG = FALSE，使用Apache的用户权限运行时，运行时。 阿帕奇使用用户是www-data 。

www-data既不是所有者还是组拥有用户的在/var/www 。 这意味着， www-data被视为other并具有设置为其他用户的权限。

坏的解决方案，这将是这样做： 

sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/

这将使一切大家完全访问中/var/www/ ，这显然是一个非常糟糕的主意。

另一个不好的解决办法是要做到： 

sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/

这将改变所有者www-data ，打开安全漏洞。

良好的解决办法是： 

sudo groupadd varwwwusers
sudo adduser www-data varwwwusers
sudo chgrp -R varwwwusers /var/www/
sudo chmod -R 770 /var/www/

这增加了www-data到varwwwusers组，然后将其设定为组/var/www/及其所有子文件夹。 chmod会给读，写，执行权限的所有者和该组，而阻止任何其他用户访问它。



文章来源: Django/mod_wsgi OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'static' when DEBUG = OFF
标签： python django permissions mod-wsgi django-staticfiles
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