我一直在阅读有关HTML5历史API,到目前为止,我还没有找到一个简单的工作演示,显示与代码的机制。
这里是一个工作的jsfiddle :4个按键和4个格。 当用户按下一个按钮,它示出了相应的面板。
什么我希望做的是:
1) rewrite the URL so that when the user is on panel 4 the url ends with /Panel4
2) make the back button and forward button work with the history API.
我知道有该history.js插件,但我想了解在API中最简单的形式是如何工作的。
我们希望,将的jsfiddle帮助别人谁就会来到这个网页,寻找代码演示。
谢谢。
好吧,我让你这个例子。 开始与HTML代码(index.html的 ):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Stackoverflow</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="sof.js"> </script>
</head>
<body onLoad="load();">
<ul id="menu">
<li><a href="/home">home</a></li>
<li><a href="/about">about</a></li>
<li><a href="/blog">blog</a></li>
<li><a href="/photos">photos</a></li>
</ul>
<button onclick="back ();">Back</button>
<button onclick="ff ();">Forward</button>
<div>
Action: <span id="action"></span><br/>
Url: <span id="url"></span><br/>
Description: <span id="description"></span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
然后,在JavaScript文件(sof.js):
VAR菜单,链接,说明,行动,数据,historyState,采取行动;
function $ (id) {return document.getElementById (id);}
// Updates infos
function update (state) {
action.innerHTML = act;
url.innerHTML = state.url;
description.innerHTML = state.description;
}
// Goes back
function back () {
act = 'Back';
history.back ();
}
// Goes forward
function ff () {
act = 'Forward';
history.forward ();
}
function load () {
menu = $ ('menu');
url = $ ('url');
description = $ ('description');
action = $ ('action');
// State to save
historyState = {
home: {
description: 'Homepage'
} ,
about: {
description: 'Infos about this website'
} ,
blog: {
description: 'My personal blog'
} ,
photos: {
description: 'View my photos'
}
};
// This is fired when history.back or history.forward is called
window.addEventListener ('popstate', function (event) {
var hs = history.state;
if ((hs === null) || (hs === undefined)) hs = event.state;
if ((hs === null) || (hs === undefined)) hs = window.event.state;
if (hs !== null) update (hs);
});
menu.addEventListener ('click', function (event) {
var el = event.target;
// Prevents url reload
event.preventDefault ();
// Handles anchors only
if (el.nodeName === 'A') {
// Gets url of the page
historyState[el.innerHTML].url = el.getAttribute ('href');
// Creates a new history instance and it saves state on it
history.pushState (historyState[el.innerHTML], null, el.href);
act = 'Normal navigation';
update (historyState[el.innerHTML]);
}
});
// Handles first visit navigation
var index = location.pathname.split ('/');
index = index[index.length-1];
if (index !== '') {
historyState[index].url = location.pathname;
history.pushState (historyState[index], null, location.pathname);
act = 'First visit';
update (historyState[index]);
}
}
而对于直接请求的.htaccess:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^home$ ./index.html
RewriteRule ^about$ ./index.html
RewriteRule ^blog$ ./index.html
RewriteRule ^photos$ ./index.htm
每个锚被点击时,一个新的历史实例被压入历史堆栈和对象(称为状态)与它一起保存:本地URL被改变,但装载由'event.preventDefault()方法停止。 更进一步,有些信息(如URL,描述和行动)被更新。
然后,“后退”和“前进”按钮,就可以通过历史行进,采用“history.state”(或event.state或window.event.state,它依赖于浏览器)来检索当前状态。
而且,在最后,如果你直接输入完整的网址到地址栏,它的工作原理与上面的.htaccess相同;)
我希望这个例子可以帮助你;)
再见
威尔克
PS:欲知详情:
- 操纵浏览器历史记录
- 历史对象
- 历史HOWTO
好吧,我创造了什么,我认为是历史API演示的最简单形式。
因为它需要在自己的窗口中运行,也不会在工作的jsfiddle。 如果您在记事本中的代码复制粘贴,添加一个引用到的jQuery另有说明,并将其保存到桌面上的一个HTML文件上它将然而工作。 当然,这并不在IE浏览器,但我们都知道这一点。 我已经把两个版本:如果没有URL重写组件工作的一个(它会从你的桌面工作)和我也注释掉的版本,你可以操纵的URL。 对于后者,需要从服务器上运行它,无论是远程或本地。
我一直在努力得到它在所有浏览器中工作由于Chrome,Safari和Firefox的工作方式不同! 下面的代码:
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
.Panel{
width:200px;
height:100px;
background:red;
display:none;
color:white;
padding:20px 20px;}
.ChangeButton{
margin:10px 10px;
float:left;}
</style>
// add reference to jquery.js file here
// <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var TheURL; // if you don't need URL rewrite, then we're always going to
// show the same URL. Remove this line if you want URL rewrite.
var MyDivs = { // this object stores the name and the URL of each possible state
ShowPanel1: {panelID:'Panel1', DisplayURL:'/panel1'},
ShowPanel2: {panelID:'Panel2', DisplayURL:'/panel2'},
ShowPanel3: {panelID:'Panel3', DisplayURL:'/panel3'},
ShowPanel4: {panelID:'Panel4', DisplayURL:'/panel4'},
};
$(document).ready(function () {
TheURL = document.URL; // You can remove this line if you're doing
// URL rewrite
window.addEventListener('popstate', function (event) {
//cross-browser nightmare here!!!!!
var HistoryState = history.state;
if (HistoryState === null || HistoryState === undefined) {
HistoryState = event.state; }
if (HistoryState === null || HistoryState === undefined) {
HistoryState = window.event.state; }
SwitchPanel(HistoryState);
});
$('.ChangeButton').click(function () {
DoChange(parseInt($(this).attr('id').charAt(6), 10)); });
DoChange(1);
});
function DoChange(ButtonID) {
switch (ButtonID) {
// here's the 2-version option:
// toggle the commented and uncommented history.pushState
// lines to see the change to the URL in action
case 1:
SwitchPanel(MyDivs.ShowPanel1.panelID);
history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel1.panelID, "", TheURL);
// history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel1.panelID, "", MyDivs.ShowPanel1.DisplayURL);
break;
case 2:
SwitchPanel(MyDivs.ShowPanel2.panelID);
history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel2.panelID, "", TheURL);
// history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel2.panelID, "", MyDivs.ShowPanel2.DisplayURL);
break;
case 3:
SwitchPanel(MyDivs.ShowPanel3.panelID);
history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel3.panelID, "", TheURL);
// history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel3.panelID, "", MyDivs.ShowPanel3.DisplayURL);
break;
case 4:
SwitchPanel(MyDivs.ShowPanel4.panelID);
history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel4.panelID, "", TheURL);
// history.pushState(MyDivs.ShowPanel4.panelID, "", MyDivs.ShowPanel4.DisplayURL);
break;
}
}
function SwitchPanel(PanelID) {
if (PanelID === null) {return false;}
$('.Panel').hide();
$('#' + PanelID).fadeIn('medium');
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="Button1" class="ChangeButton" value="panel 1" />
<input type="button" id="Button2" class="ChangeButton" value="panel 2" />
<input type="button" id="Button3" class="ChangeButton" value="panel 3" />
<input type="button" id="Button4" class="ChangeButton" value="panel 4" />
<div id="PanelContainer" style="clear:both;">
<div class="Panel" id="Panel1">panel 1</div>
<div class="Panel" id="Panel2">panel 2</div>
<div class="Panel" id="Panel3">panel 3</div>
<div class="Panel" id="Panel4">panel 4</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
给予好评,如果你的作品。
请享用!
在这里你可以看到一个简单的例子,HTML5历史API: https://stackoverflow.com/a/9470183/1236238